Inflamed intestines are rescued by anti-inflammatory bacterial isolates or transplantation of WT ENS into <i>sox10</i> mutants.

<p><b>(A)</b> Addition of a representative <i>Escherichia</i> isolate, <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> HS, to CV <i>sox10</i> mutants reduces intestinal neutrophil accumulation. Monoassociation of <i>sox10</i> mutants with <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> HS does not increase neutrophil level over that observed in GF zebrafish. <i>n</i> > 20, from at least three independent experiments. <b>(B)</b> Correlation between absolute abundance of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> HS and log₁₀(intestinal neutrophil number + 1) in experiments with added <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> HS. Linear regression analysis with 95% confidence intervals. For A, B: <i>n</i> > 35, from three to six independent experiments. <b>(C)</b> Representative images of distal intestine from WT, <i>sox10</i>^<i>-</i>, and <i>sox10</i>^<i>-</i> rescued by WT ENS precursor transplantation. Anti-ElavI1–labeled enteric neurons are white (white arrow); neutrophils are black (black arrow). Scale bar = 100 μm. <b>(D)</b> Quantification of intestinal neutrophil number per 140 μm of distal intestine. <i>n</i> > 6 for all conditions, *<i>p</i> < 0.05, **<i>p</i> < 0.01, ****<i>p</i> < 0.0001, ANOVA with Tukey’s range test. See also <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.2000689#pbio.2000689.s004" target="_blank">S4 Fig</a>.