CA4 and biphenyl analogues induced G2/M arrest precedes mitochondrial collapse and apoptotic induction.

<p>(A) Treated cells (dose and time are indicated) were fixed overnight with ice cold 80% ethanol and stained with propidium iodide. Cell cycle profiles were generated using image-based cytometry. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. * <i>p</i> < 0.05 versus DMSO control; *** <i>p</i> < 0.001 versus DMSO control; **** <i>p</i> < 0.0001 versus DMSO control. (B) Treated cells were probed with tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM). Taxol and pancratistatin (PST) treated cells served as positive controls. Percentage of TMRM positive cells was quantified using image-based cytometry. Values are expressed as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. * <i>p</i> < 0.05 versus DMSO control; **** <i>p</i> < 0.0001 versus DMSO control. (C) Treated cells were probed with annexin V and propidium iodide (PI). Percentage of annexin V and PI positive cells was quantified using image-based cytometry. 1.0 μM staurosporine (STS) treated cells served as a positive control. Blue bar represents viable cells; orange bar represents PI and annexin V positive cells; green bar represents annexin V positive cells; red bar represents PI positive cells. Values are expressed as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. * <i>p</i> < 0.05 vs. DMSO control.