The arm was supported in each of three functional postures with an elbow moment transducer affixed to record elbow moments.

<p>The postures included the arm positioned in the horizontal plane (90° shoulder flexion, 45° shoulder internal rotation, 90° elbow flexion) and postures consistent with initiating an overhead reach (110° shoulder flexion, 70° shoulder internal rotation, 120° elbow flexion), and pressure relief (45° shoulder extension, 20° shoulder abduction, 90° elbow flexion). Shoulder and elbow joint angles followed International Society of Biomechanics recommendations [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0171141#pone.0171141.ref024" target="_blank">24</a>].