The effect of TGF-β1 on mAChR mRNA expression, for all receptor subtypes (CHRM1 –CHRM5), as measured by qPCR.

<p>All mAChRs (CHRM1 –CHRM5) were downregulated following 48h of TGF-β1 (1ng/ml) exposure. The TGFBRI/II kinase inhibitor (2μmol/l) reversed the TGF-β1 downregulation of the muscarinic receptors. Values are means ± SD. n.s. (not significant). *p<0.05 **p<0.01.