CC-223 disrupts mitochondrial function, causing ROS production and HCC cell apoptosis.

<p>HepG2 cells were treated CC-223 (500 nM) for 12 hours, mitochondrial depolarization (A) and ROS content (B) were tested. HepG2 cells were pretreated for 30 min with NAC (500 μM), MnTBAP (10 μM), cyclosporin A (CsA, 0.5 μM), or sanglifehrin A (SfA, 2.5 μM), followed by CC-223 (500 nM) treatment for indicated time period; Cell viability (CCK-8 assay, C) and cell apoptosis (TUNEL-nuclei staining assay, D) were tested. For each assay, n = 5. * <i>p</i> <0.05 <i>vs</i>. “C” (A and B). ^# <i>p</i> <0.05 <i>vs</i>. CC-223 only (C and D).