Interannual variations of the mean leaf coloring date (symbols with solid line) and the mean surface air temperature (gray bar) averaged from the date at photoperiod less than best parameter (i.e., 12.2 h) to leaf coloring date predicted by a temperature-photoperiod model with WRF dataset.

<p>Horizontal solid and dashed lines represent the mean value of the leaf coloring date and surface air temperature for each periods, respectively. Error bars indicate confidence interval at the 95% confidence level.