Safeguarding ecosystems and species in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean.

<p>(A) Increases in the spatial extent of marine and terrestrial protected areas since the entry into force of the Antarctic Treaty in 1961. Less than 4% of the 45,886 km² ice-free area in continental Antarctica is protected (recognizing that downwards revision of the ice-free area estimate [<a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001656#pbio.2001656.ref033" target="_blank">33</a>] will likely double this percentage). By 2018, 8% of the 35,716 100 km² Southern Ocean CAMLR Convention Area [<a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001656#pbio.2001656.ref008" target="_blank">8</a>] will be under protection. See <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001656#pbio.2001656.s002" target="_blank">S1 Table</a> for data. (B) Status trends for the birds of the Antarctic region in each of the 2015 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species Categories. LC, least concern; NT, near threatened; VU, vulnerable; EN, endangered; CR, critically endangered. See <a href="http://www.plosbiology.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001656#pbio.2001656.s003" target="_blank">S2 Table</a> for data.