High glucose stress suppresses SnoN while activating TGF-β1 and Arkadia in renal tubular epithelial cells and a rat model of diabetes mellitus.

<p><b>A, B,</b> TGF-β1, SnoN and Arkadia protein levels determined by Western blot in NRK52E cells treated with 25 mmol/L glucose for 2, 12, 24, 48 or 72h. *P<0.05 vs respective NRK52E cells treated with 5.5 mmol/L glucose for the same time. <b>C,</b> TGF-β1, SnoN and Arkadia mRNA amounts determined by qRT-PCR in NRK52E cells treated with 25 mmol/L glucose for 2, 12, 24, 48 or 72h. *P<0.05, vs. respective NRK52E cells treated with 5.5 mmol/L glucose at 2h. <b>D,</b> SnoN, TGF-β1 and Arkadia protein levels determined by Western blot in kidney tissues. *P<0.05, vs. respective normal control group. <b>E,</b> SnoN, TGF-β1 and Arkadia mRNA levels determined by qRT-PCR in kidney tissues. *P<0.05, vs. respective normal control group.