ES attenuation accelerates SIF-induced stumpy formation at the population level.

<p>The GFP:PAD1_UTR cell line was challenged with ES-attenuation and chemical triggers for stumpy development. The trypanosome culture was adjusted to a cell density of 1x 10⁵ cells/ml and one part was induced with tetracycline (ES). Non-induced cells served as a control (no trigger) and were treated with 200μm cAMP or 0.25x SIF (cAMP, SIF). The last two cultures were tetracycline-induced additionally received the stumpy triggers (ES + cAMP, ES + SIF). After 20 hours, the numbers of GFP:PAD1_UTR-positive trypanosomes was counted. The values are means ± SD (n > 1200 cells each). ES-attenuation in combination with either SIF or cAMP produces more stumpy cells than the summed effect of the individual cues.