Time dependent periodic Navier-Stokes flows on a two-dimensional torus

The dynamical behaviour of an incompressible viscous fluid flow on a two-dimensional torus externally excited by a spatially periodic force is investigated. The flow field, described by Navier-Stokes equations, is found to possess a sequence of time-periodic solutions which bifurcate from a single steady state solution (i.e. Hopf bifurcations). This result is based on a combination of analysis and computations, and each provides corroborative evidence to the findings of the othe