Robustness of perturbed networks as a function of sparseness parameter <i>α</i> at various noise intensities (A) <i>λ</i> = 10, (B) <i>λ</i> = 20, and (C) <i>λ</i> = 30.

<p>Both connection-removal and misexpression perturbations are applied to the estimated networks. As the robustness, we show the average F-measure for each number of connection removals <i>n</i>_<i>c</i> in 1,000 optimal solutions. The filled mark indicates the maximum value in each profile. The other parameters are fixed at <i>μ</i> = 0.01, <i>C</i> = 0.1, <i>d</i> = 2 [h], <i>d</i>_<i>min</i> = 0 [h], <i>d</i>_<i>max</i> = 2 [h], <i>ϵ</i> = 0.5, and <i>θ</i> = 1.