Dynamics of hyper/hypo HIV-1 infection in intermediate A3H humanized mice.

<p>(<b>A, B</b>) HIV-1 infection in humanized mice. (<b>A</b>) A schematic of co-inoculation of hyper and hypo HIV-1s into intermediate A3H humanized mice. (<b>B</b>) Hyper and hypo viruses containing 2.5 ng of p24 antigen each (5 ng in total; n = 6) or RPMI1640 (n = 12; for mock infection) were inoculated into humanized mice. The amount of viral RNA in plasma (left) and the level of peripheral CD4⁺ T cells (CD45⁺ CD3⁺ CD4⁺ cells) (right) were analyzed at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 wpi as described in Materials and Methods. The averages are shown in circles with SEMs, and the values from each mouse are shown by line. X-axes, wpi. In the left panel, horizontal broken line indicates detection limit (800 copies/ml plasma). In the right panel, *<i>P</i> < 0.05 versus mock-infected mice by Mann-Whitney U test. (<b>C</b>) Phylogenetic trees of <i>vif</i> sequence. Viral <i>vif</i> sequences in the plasma of infected mice at 6 wpi were analyzed as described in Materials and Methods. Results of each infected mouse (mice #9–14) are respectively shown. Blue shadow indicates hypo <i>vif</i> derivatives. Scale bar represents one nucleotide substitution.