Sampling design.

<p>The study plot measured 20 m × 20 m. Vegetation cover data was used as a measure of environmental heterogeneity (a), and the spatial distribution of genets (groups of clonal ramets with shared genotypes) was determined through simple sequence repeat (SSR) analyses (b). In (a), the focal study plot is indicated by red lines. It consisted of four hundred 1-m² quadrats. The vegetation cover of the forest floor (the fraction of the area covered by forest floor herbs and ferns large enough to shade <i>C</i>. <i>leucantha</i> ramets) was classified according to five categories of shading (no shade, ≤ 30%, ≤ 60%, ≤ 90%, or ≤ 100% vegetation cover) for each of the 484 quadrats (the focal 400 plus the surrounding 84). Black dots represent the sampling points. In (b), numbers represent genets, which are numbered in decreasing order of the number of ramets they contained. Patchy and disjunct genet members that belonged to genets with multiple ramets are grouped by shading and circles, respectively. Numbers without shading or circling represent unique genets found in only one sample.