Western blot and quantitative data showing the ER stress markers, (A) glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), (B) activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), (C) phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) and oxidative stress markers, (D) NOX2 and (E) nitrotyrosine in C57BL/6J mice treated 2 weeks with or without tunicamycin (Tu, 1 mg/kg, 2 injections/week/i.p.), paeonol (20 mg/kg/day/oral gavage), tempol (20 mg/kg/day/oral gavage) and TUDCA (150 mg/kg/day/i.p.).

<p>Results are means ± SEM of 6–7 separate experiments. *P<0.05 compared with control, # P<0.05 compared with tunicamycin.