Inducing the hypersensitive response (HR) and pathogenesis-related genes in <i>CkSNAP33</i> over-expressing Arabidopsis.

<p>Trypan blue staining of leaf sections from WT (A) and transgenic plants (B) at 6 dpi with <i>V</i>. <i>dahliae</i>. Scale bar represents 500 μm. (C) Normal growth of <i>V</i>.<i>dahliae</i> hyphae (hy) across the leaf surface of WT. Close-up of the disease lesion regions from (A). Scale bar represents 200 μm. (D) <i>V</i>.<i>dahliae</i> induced programmed cell death (arrows) around the hyphae (hy). Close-up of the disease lesion regions from (B). Scale bar represents 200 μm. Real-time PCR analysis for the transcript levels of <i>PR5</i> (E) and <i>PR1</i> (F) in WT and transgenic lines before (0 dpi) and 6 days after inoculation with <i>V</i>. <i>dahliae</i> (6 dpi). Data are mean ± SE (n = 3), asterisks represent significant differences (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01).