Exploitation of <i>Trametes versicolor</i> for bioremediation of endocrine disrupting chemicals in bioreactors

<div><p>Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are environmental contaminants causing increasing concerns due to their toxicity, persistence and ubiquity. In the present study, degradative capabilities of <i>Trametes versicolor</i>, <i>Pleurotus ostreatus</i> and <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i> to act on five EDCs, which represent different classes of chemicals (phenols, parabens and phthalate) and were first applied as single compounds, were assessed. <i>T</i>. <i>versicolor</i> was selected due to its efficiency against target EDCs and its potentialities were exploited against a mixture of EDCs in a cost-effective bioremediation process. A fed-batch approach as well as a starvation strategy were applied in order to reduce the need for input of ‘fresh’ biomass, and avoid the requirement for external nutrients. The fungus was successfully operated in two different bioreactors over one week. Semi-batch cultures were carried out by daily adding a mixture of EDCs to the bioreactors in a total of five consecutive degradation cycles. <i>T</i>. <i>versicolor</i> was able to efficiently remove all compounds during each cycle converting up to 21 mg L^-1 day^-1 of the tested EDCs. The maintained ability of <i>T</i>. <i>versicolor</i> to remove EDCs without any additional nutrients represents the main outcome of this study, which enables to forecast its application in a water treatment process.</p>