Crystalline Supramolecular Gyroscope with a Water Molecule as an Ultrasmall Polar Rotator Modulated by Charge-Assisted Hydrogen Bonds

A new strategy for the construction of crystalline molecular rotors is presented. The combination of a conformation-modifiable macrocyclic host and two cooperative guests affords one supramolecular gyroscope-like compound, (<i>t</i>-BuNH₃)­(18-crown-6)­[ZnCl₃(H₂O)], in which the coordinated water molecule functions as an ultrasmall polar rotator, revealed by its significant dielectric relaxation and the molecular dynamics simulations. In addition, such a compound can reversibly undergo a polar-to-polar phase transition triggered by the changed conformation of the 18-crown-6 host, leading to a switchable on/off rotation of water molecule, well controlled by strength and direction of charge-assisted hydrogen bonds