HERV-K Env activation of other signalling pathways.

<p>(Top panel) 293T cells were transfected by the indicated plasmids as described in <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006451#ppat.1006451.g003" target="_blank">Fig 3B</a>, or stimulated with TNFα (100 ng/μL for 10 and 20 minutes), a positive control for activation of NFκB and p38 pathways. Lysates were tested by Western blot for phosphorylated and total (after membrane stripping) forms of the kinases ERK1/2 and p38, or for IκBα (for IκBα, tubulin was used as a control for homogenous loading). (Bottom panel) HeLa cells were transiently transfected by the indicated plasmids. Cell lysates were harvested 48 hours post transfection and phosphorylated and total (after membrane stripping) levels of AKT were assessed by western blotting.