Model calibration region, M, explored in this study.

<p>Models were calibrated in three regions (red lines in A, B, and C) based on the distribution of starry stonewort populations (green points). <b>A.</b> Model calibration region based on an invasive population approach focused on starry stonewort populations in the invaded area of the United States and a high dispersal potential (i.e., 2,200 km), <b>M</b>_{<b><i>i</i></b>}. <b>B.</b> Model calibration region considering the entire or global species’ range in the United States, Europe, and Japan and a high dispersal potential (i.e., 2,200 km), <b>M</b>_{<b><i>g</i></b>}. <b>C.</b> Model calibration region considering the entire or global species’ range in the United States (left map), Europe (central map), and Japan (right map) and a reduced dispersal potential (i.e., 700 km), <b>M</b>_{<b><i>d</i></b>}.