Evidence of NET formation during the ultra-early immune response to sterile traumatic injury.

<p>(A–B) Plasma concentrations (ng/ml) of nuclear (A) and mitochondrial (B) DNA across time post-trauma. The number of samples analysed is indicated below each time point. The horizontal line for HC data depicts the median value. *<i>p</i> < 0.05, ***<i>p</i> < 0.0005 versus HCs. (C–D) Western blots showing the levels of citrullinated histone H3 in plasma samples obtained from 9 trauma patients within 1 hour of injury (C) and in 3 trauma patients across the 3 postinjury time points (D). +ve CNT, positive control; HC, healthy control; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; nDNA, nuclear DNA; NET, neutrophil extracellular trap.