Obese ZSF1 rats have metabolic syndrome and evidence of renal impairment by 12 weeks of age.

<p>(A) Serum total cholesterol, (B) serum triglycerides, (C) serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), (D) urinary microalbumin to creatinine ratio, (E) urinary NGAL to creatinine ratio, and (F) urinary Kim-1 to creatinine ratio in lean and obese animals over the study duration. Each point represents a single animal, with obese animals represented by open circles and lean animals represented by filled circles. Statistical analyses, here and in subsequent Figures, are for each obese group versus age-matched lean group (denoted by *) or for each obese group versus the 12-week-old obese group (denoted by †) using two-way ANOVA Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests.