Transgenic overexpression of S1PR1 induces pathological cardiac hypertrophy.

<p>(A) Gross views and HE-stained cross-sections of the hearts from WT and TG mice. (B) The HW/BW ratio in 8- to 32-week-old WT and TG mice. n = 7 mice per group. *, p<0.05 and **, p<0.01. (C) Silver-staining of myocardial sections of 12-week-old WT and TG mice (right). Quantified data of mean cross sectional area of cardiomyocytes (left). (D) Images of representative isolated cardiomyocytes from WT and TG mice at 12 weeks (left). Quantification of cell areas of isolated cardiomyocytes (right). (E) Azan staining of myocardial sections of 24-week-old WT and TG mice (left). Quantified data of fibrotic areas in Azan stained sections of the hearts (right). (F) Northern blot analysis of mRNAs of natriuretic peptides ANP and BNP, fetal contractile proteins βMHC and αSKA and type I collagen α1 chain.