rCXCL1 reduces susceptibility to alcohol-challenged CLP mice and augments bacterial clearance and neutrophil recruitment.

<p><b>A</b>, Enhanced mortality of alcohol intoxicated WT and CXCL1 knockout (KO) mice following CLP. Alcohol intoxicated and control (saline-challenged) mice were subjected to CLP. Survival of mice was assessed every 12 h until 10 days after CLP. Results are expressed as a percentage of 20 animals per group. Significance between groups was examined by Wilcoxon rank test. WSC versus CSC (*, <i>p</i><0.05), WAC versus CAC (***, <i>p</i><0.001), WAC versus WSC (***, <i>p</i><0.001), and CAC versus CSC (***, <i>p</i><0.001). <b>B</b>, Reduced mortality of alcohol treated WT mice by rCXCL1 following CLP. Alcohol intoxicated WT mice were subjected to CLP followed by rCXCL1 or BSA treatment. Survival of mice was assessed every 12 h until 10 days after CLP. Results are expressed as a percentage of 20 animals per group. Significance between groups was examined by Wilcoxon rank test. **, <i>p</i><0.01. <b>C</b>, Impaired bacterial clearance in alcohol-challenged mice. CFUs were examined in peritoneal lavage and blood or homogenates obtained from kidneys, livers, lungs, and spleens of alcohol-challenged and control mice at 6 and 24 h post-CLP. (n = 6/group). <b>D</b>, Acute alcohol-intoxicated mice showed reduced total while blood cell count and neutrophil (PMN) and macrophage influx in the peritoneum after CLP, as measured by direct cell counts in peritoneal lavage (PL). (n = 4-8/group). *, <i>p</i><0.05.