Aerodynamic vertical force generated by the tethered beetles.

<p>The forces are calculated from the conical pendulum analysis. A) the mean vertical force (F_v) for the beetles in the level and banked orientation. Both forces are normalized by the beetle’s body weight B) The lift forces. Data as in (A) after correcting for the banking angle to give the force normal to the dorsal plane (lift). Red and blue colors denote the left (internal) and right wing, respectively.