Additional file 2: Figure S1B. of TLR2 stimulation impairs anti-inflammatory activity of M2-like macrophages, generating a chimeric M1/M2 phenotype

Effect of TLR or cytokine stimulation on surface marker expression in M1 versus M2 macrophages derived from peripheral monocytes of healthy donors (HD) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) analysis. M1 (GM-CSF-differentiated) and M2 (M-CSF-differentiated) macrophages were stimulated for 24 h with 300 ng/ml Pam3, 100 ng/ml LPS, or a combination of IFN-γ/LPS. For phenotypical analysis, cells were stained for FACS analysis with fluorescently labeled antibodies CD14-APC-Cy7, CD163-FITC, CD206-BV421, CD86-PE, and CD80-FITC. Individual MFI was calculated as ΔMFI = MFIspecific surface marker − MFIcorresponding unstained control and normalized to the basal MFI of unstained control cells. n = 6, * p < 0.05. (DOCX 759 kb