n-3 PUFAs attenuate H₂O₂-induced DNA damage and DNA damage response in HAECs.

<p>(A) Immunofluorescent staining of γ-H2AX (red) in HAECs. Cells were treated with EPA or DHA (100 μM) for 48 h prior to incubation with H₂O₂ (100 μM) for 15 min, and then changed to normal medium and incubated for 30 min or 24 h as a recovery period. Representative images of γ-H2AX foci are shown. Scale bar = 20 μm (B) Quantitation of γ-H2AX foci. γ-H2AX foci number was divided by the total cell number, which was expressed as γ-H2AX foci/cell. *<i>P</i><0.05 compared with corresponding control (n = 4). (C) Western blot analysis of phosphorylated ATM (S1981). Cells were incubated with H₂O₂ (100 μM) for 1 h after 48 h treatment with EPA (indicated doses) or DHA (100 μM). Whole cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting. *<i>P</i><0.05 compared with H₂O₂(+) control (n = 6).