Expression of cytokines in the spleen of PIA rats.

<p><b>(A)</b> Expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α, Th1 cytokines, <b>(B)</b> expression of Th2 cytokines, IL-4, TGF-β and IL-10, and <b>(C)</b> expression of Th17 cytokines, IL-17A, IL-21 and IL-22, at 28 days in rat spleen (n = 10 to 13 for each group) were measured by real-time qPCR. Relative mRNA expression was normalized by β-actin. Values are shown as means ± SEM. Levels of significance between the PIA group and control group were calculated by using Mann-Whitney U test (* <i>P</i>< 0.05 and *** <i>P</i>< 0.001).