Vaccination inhibits oxycodone-induced antinociception, respiratory depression, and bradycardia.

<p>Oxycodone was administered s.c. every 15 min at increasing doses and the doses listed are the cumulative dose received. <b>A)</b> Vaccine effects on oxycodone-induced antinociception. Latency to respond is capped at 60 seconds. Naloxone was administered 15 min after the final oxycodone dose. <b>B)</b> Vaccine effects on oxycodone-induced respiratory depression measured as SaO₂. <b>C)</b> Vaccine effects on oxycodone-induced decreases in heart rate. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 for the difference between OXY-dKLH and control groups. ## p < 0.01 for the difference (within a single group) between values measured after the 9.0 mg/kg oxycodone dose and after naloxone. There were no differences between groups in latency to respond, SaO₂, or heart rate following naloxone treatment. Mean ± SEM; n = 15 for KLH and n = 16 for OXY-KLH.