Effect of music stimuli on indices of autonomic nerve activity.

<p>(A) LnLF before and after music stimulation for 20 min. The main effect of Time was observed. (B) LnHF before and after music stimulation for 20 min. LnHF increased significantly after the participants listened to a slow-tempo music sequence. (C) LnLF/lnHF before and after music stimulation for 20 min. LnLF/lnHF increased significantly after the participants listened to a fast-tempo music sequence. (D) HR before and after music stimulation for 20 min. HR decreased significantly after the participants listened to a slow-tempo music sequence. Data are presented as means ± SEM; * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 for a simple main effect test; †† p < 0.01 for a main effect test.