Phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 in fibroblasts <i>in vitro</i>.

<p>(A) Effect of insulin on phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 in gingival fibroblasts from control and diabetes mellitus (DM) rats. Representative immunoblots of lysates from insulin-treated or -untreated gingival fibroblasts were shown. (B) Phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 was quantified by densitometry and expressed as percentage of phosphorylation in insulin-untreated gingival fibroblasts. Insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt was significantly decreased in DM cells, but Erk1/2 activation was significantly increased. Data are presented as means ± SD. *<i>p</i> < 0.05 (Tukey-Kramer test). This finding was confirmed in three independent experiments.