Impact of ATI and reinitiation of ART on HIV reservoirs.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Longitudinal measurements of plasma viremia (red triangles) and the frequency of CD4⁺ T cells carrying HIV DNA (blue triangles) from study participants are shown. The grey bars indicate duration of ATI. One participant (N04) self-administered antiretroviral drugs for 3 days during the ATI period. (<b>B</b>) Relationship between the level of peak plasma viremia and % increase of the frequency of CD4⁺ T cells carrying HIV DNA during the ATI phase over baseline. The % HIV DNA increase was calculated as follows: ((copy number of HIV DNA/10⁶ CD4⁺ T cells at ATI—copy number of HIV DNA/10⁶ CD4⁺ T cells at baseline)/copy number of HIV DNA/10⁶ CD4⁺ T cells at baseline)*100. (<b>C</b>) Kinetics of HIV DNA burden in CD4⁺ T cells of 10 study participants prior to ATI (Pre-ATI), during ATI (ATI), and after reinitiation of ART (Post-ATI). (<b>D</b>) Dynamics of cell-associated HIV RNA in CD4⁺ T cells of study participants prior to ATI (Pre-ATI) during ATI (ATI) and after reinitiation of ART (Post-ATI). (E) Ratios between the level of cell-associated HIV RNA and DNA. (<b>F</b>) Impact of ATI and reinitiation of ART on the level of CD4⁺ T cells carrying replication-competent HIV in 6 study participants in whom longitudinal leukapheresis was performed. Statistical significance was tested with Wilcoxon’s signed rank test for panels C, D, E, and F. A correlation was determined by the Spearman rank method for panel b. **<i>P</i> < 0.01, ns, not significant.