<p>Plasmids expressing wild-type or mutant PB2, PA, PB1, NP and a vRNA encoding luciferase were co-transfected along with a plasmid expressing GFP as control. The overall polymerase activity is represented by a ratio of luminescence signal to GFP signal. The activity of polymerase with wild-type PB2 was set to 1. Level of PB2 expression of each mutant was detected by anti-PB2 polyclonal antibodies in Western blotting with karyopherin ß3 as loading control. The bar represents the mean ratio ± standard deviations from three independent experiments. *The p-values are smaller or equal to 0.05 in two-tailed Student’s <i>t</i>-test.</p
<p>A luciferase mediated mini-genome replication assay was performed at 33°C, 37°C, and 39°C by co-t...
<p>Mutant and wt polymerases activities at different temperatures were analyzed by minigenome assays...
<p>Viral RNA polymerase activity was measured in HEK 293-T cells expressing mutant or HK-wt NS genes...
<p>(A) Construct design of domain-swapped PB2 mutants. (B and C) RNP reconstitution assay of domain-...
<p>(A) Primer extension analysis of vRNA and mRNA form vRNP reconstitution assays using a full-lengt...
<p>293T cells were co-transfected with expression plasmids of NP, PA, PB1 and either wild type (WT) ...
<p>(A and B) Viral RNPs were reconstituted in 293T cells by expressing WT or mutant NP-V5, a vRNA te...
<p>(A) Sequence alignment of H5 and WSN(H1) PB2 C-terminal region (aa. 551–759). The arrows denote t...
<p>Hybrid RNP was reconstituted in a background of WSN (W) by replacing only PB2 subunit with the HK...
<p>(<b>A</b>) Alignment of amino acid residues of PB2 subunit differing between HK and VN of H5N1 st...
<p>(A) Co-immunoprecipitation of wild-type NP by Myc-tagged polymerase carrying different PB2 at 33°...
<p>RNP of WSN (W) was reconstituted from hybrid polymerase by replacing only PB2 subunit with the VN...
<p>(A) A minigenome reporter assay was used for the quantification of the effect of PB1-F2C-terminal...
<p>(A) RNP reconstitution assay with gene-swapped polymerases and wild-type or R150A mutant NP. RNA ...
<p>(<b>A</b>) Partially purified polymerases analyzed by silver-stained 7.5% SDS-PAGE. Hybrid WSN (W...
<p>A luciferase mediated mini-genome replication assay was performed at 33°C, 37°C, and 39°C by co-t...
<p>Mutant and wt polymerases activities at different temperatures were analyzed by minigenome assays...
<p>Viral RNA polymerase activity was measured in HEK 293-T cells expressing mutant or HK-wt NS genes...
<p>(A) Construct design of domain-swapped PB2 mutants. (B and C) RNP reconstitution assay of domain-...
<p>(A) Primer extension analysis of vRNA and mRNA form vRNP reconstitution assays using a full-lengt...
<p>293T cells were co-transfected with expression plasmids of NP, PA, PB1 and either wild type (WT) ...
<p>(A and B) Viral RNPs were reconstituted in 293T cells by expressing WT or mutant NP-V5, a vRNA te...
<p>(A) Sequence alignment of H5 and WSN(H1) PB2 C-terminal region (aa. 551–759). The arrows denote t...
<p>Hybrid RNP was reconstituted in a background of WSN (W) by replacing only PB2 subunit with the HK...
<p>(<b>A</b>) Alignment of amino acid residues of PB2 subunit differing between HK and VN of H5N1 st...
<p>(A) Co-immunoprecipitation of wild-type NP by Myc-tagged polymerase carrying different PB2 at 33°...
<p>RNP of WSN (W) was reconstituted from hybrid polymerase by replacing only PB2 subunit with the VN...
<p>(A) A minigenome reporter assay was used for the quantification of the effect of PB1-F2C-terminal...
<p>(A) RNP reconstitution assay with gene-swapped polymerases and wild-type or R150A mutant NP. RNA ...
<p>(<b>A</b>) Partially purified polymerases analyzed by silver-stained 7.5% SDS-PAGE. Hybrid WSN (W...
<p>A luciferase mediated mini-genome replication assay was performed at 33°C, 37°C, and 39°C by co-t...
<p>Mutant and wt polymerases activities at different temperatures were analyzed by minigenome assays...
<p>Viral RNA polymerase activity was measured in HEK 293-T cells expressing mutant or HK-wt NS genes...