Lysozyme-like activity in the haemolymph of honeybees after being exposed to thiacloprid and <i>E</i>. <i>faecalis</i>.

<p>General antibacterial activity measured as the diameter of the lytic zone on agar plates, transformed to lysozyme equivalents (μg/ml). Different enzyme activity in the haemolymph as a result of all possible different diet combinations as well as single stress exposure (C = control, MMH = <i>E</i>. <i>faecalis</i> strain MMH594, FLY = <i>E</i>. <i>faecalis</i> strain FLY1, THIA = thiacloprid). Asterisks indicate differences in the lysozyme-like activity, * ≤ 0.005, ** ≤ 0.001, *** ≤ 0.0001. Results represent mean values ± 2 s.e.m, Kurskal-Wallis test, n = 16 for each treatment group. Bars are indicated in: black = control, dark-grey = MMH, light-grey = FLY, red = THIA, shaded black = MMH+FLY, shaded dark-grey = MMH+THIA, shaded light-grey = FLY+THIA, shaded red = MMH+FLY+THIA.