Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates hepatic injury following blunt chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock by reducing local inflammation, NF-kappaB activation and HMGB1 release - Fig 3

<p>Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of all groups 2 h after resuscitation are shown (A). Sham group underwent all surgical procedures without induction of blunt chest trauma (TxT) and hemorrhagic shock with resuscitation (H/R). The groups received either ringer`s lactated (RL) or ethyl pyruvate (EP) as resuscitation solution after TxT and hemorrhagic shock. *: p <0.05 <i>vs</i>. both other groups; #: p <0.05 <i>vs</i>. TxT+H/R_RL. Representative hematoxylin and eosin stained liver sections from sham (B), TxT+H/R_RL (C) and TxT+H/R_EP (D) groups are exposed. Sham: n = 6, TxT+H/R_RL: n = 8 and TxT+H/R_EP: n = 8.