Mothers, fathers, stepfathers, and siblings as providers of supervision, acceptance, and autonomy to young adolescents.

This study examined whether 124 young adolescents living with 2 biological parents and at least 1 sibling (TP) and 27 young adolescents living with mothers, stepfathers, and at least 1 sibling (SF) differed in the extent to which they agreed that mothers, fathers or stepfathers, and siblings often provided supervision, acceptance, and opportunities for autonomy. Support was obtained for the view that the family systems of TP adolescents, more than the family systems of SF adolescents, are hierarchically organized in terms of which specific family members are involved in socialization processes