DEVELOPING AUTONOMOUS LEARNING MATERIALS OF STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION FOR TOEFL PREPARATION FOR THE CENTRE FOR LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT OF YOGYAKARTA STATE UNIVERSITY

The aim of this study was to develop appropriate autonomous learning materials of structure and written expression of TOEFL preparation for autonomous learners for the Centre for Language and Development of Yogyakarta State University based on the learning needs and target needs of the autonomous learners. This educational research and development (R&D) study adapted the ADDIE model (Branch,2009), consisting of five stages: conducting analysis, designing materials, developing materials, evaluating and tryout. There were two instruments (questionnaire and test) of data collection for need analysis and two instruments of validation for the expert and students. The data from the needs analysis and the expert judgment were analyzed quantitatively through descriptive statistics using the formula proposed by Widiyoko, (2009). Five qualitative categories were used to determine the appropriateness of the materials: very good, good, sufficient, insufficient, and very poor. The findings showed that the target needs of learners in Independent Language Learning Centre (ILLC) in learning the structure and written expression in TOEFL included making infinitive clause, making reduced clause, noun clause and adjective clause. The grammatical items lacking included the noun clause, adjective clause, in version and –ly adjective. The learning needs of the learners included (1) the input materials based on the science, art, story, report and general English; (2) learning activities based on the multiple-choice (TOEFL), True or False, practicing memory test, and practicing with sentence transformation; (3) the length of the study time for one hour and a half; (4) the instructor as a guide, evaluator, and monitor, (5) the note-taking and the self-report for learners. This research developed the five units for the five skills of the structure and written expression of TOEFL namely, (1) using noun clause correctly, (2) inverting subject and verb with conditionals, (3) using the adjective clause connectors correctly,(4) recognizing –ly adjective, and (5) using parallel structure with coordinate conjunctions. The result of the evaluation of the expert and learners showed that the developed materials were in a 'Very Good' category with a score of 4.21 (the lowest score was 1.80 and the highest was 5.0). Keywords: autonomous learning, materials, TOEFL preparation course