Um contributo para a did?tica da Hist?ria de Portugal no 2? ciclo: da ditadura ? democracia

Relat?rio Final de Pr?tica de Ensino Supervisionada do Mestrado em Ensino do 1? e 2? Ciclos do Ensino B?sico apresentado na Escola Superior de Educa??o do Instituto Polit?cnico de Viana do CasteloEste relat?rio final surge na sequ?ncia da experi?ncia por mim vivenciada, no ?mbito da unidade curricular de Pr?tica de Ensino Supervisionada II, que decorreu numa escola localizada numa freguesia lim?trofe do concelho e, simultaneamente, do distrito de Viana do Castelo. ? um relat?rio direcionado para a disciplina de Hist?ria e Geografia de Portugal, uma vez que o seu tema se relaciona com a revolu??o do 25 de abril de 1974, tendo, portanto, sido escolhido o seguinte t?tulo: ?Um contributo para a Did?tica da Hist?ria de Portugal no 2.? ciclo ? Da Ditadura ? Democracia.? Assim, este relat?rio teve sempre como objetivo constatar o que a Revolu??o de abril significa, nos dias de hoje, para os mais jovens, neste caso para os alunos do 6.? ano de escolaridade. A pertin?ncia deste estudo reside no facto de terem passado praticamente quatro d?cadas (38 anos, quando da aplica??o dos inqu?ritos nas turmas) da ?Revolu??o dos Cravos?, revolu??o que, para al?m de instaurar a democracia, libertou Portugal para o exterior e possibilitou um desenvolvimento assinal?vel, bem como a ades?o ? Uni?o Europeia, em 1986. Quase quatro d?cadas depois, ? importante saber o que pensam e, sobretudo, o que sabem acerca deste acontecimento maior da Hist?ria do nosso pa?s. Grande parte deste relat?rio centra-se na an?lise dos dados pertencentes ?s distintas ?reas (informa??es acerca da vida familiar, h?bitos de estudo dos alunos e conhecimentos hist?ricos) do inqu?rito apresentado aos alunos. No entanto, s?o tamb?m contempladas neste relat?rio final a parte did?tica desta mat?ria, ?O 25 de abril de 1974?, e a an?lise de dois manuais escolares relativamente ? mesma tem?tica. Para que o trabalho ficasse mais completo e rico ao n?vel did?tico e hist?rico, entrevistei um dos s?mbolos da revolu??o, o Coronel Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho. Esta entrevista acrescenta um testemunho na primeira pessoa de algu?m que, para al?m de viver bem de perto a revolu??o, coordenou e comandou muitas das opera??es que fizeram com que a revolu??o fosse um sucesso. Conv?m tamb?m lembrar que, na altura de aplica??o do inqu?rito, os alunos de ambas as turmas tinham acabado de ter contacto com os conte?dos program?ticos em quest?o e tinham celebrado h? escassos dias as comemora??es do 38.? anivers?rio da Revolu??o do 25 de abril de 1974.This final report comes in the sequence of an experiment lived by me in the range of the curricular unit ?Practice of Supervised Teaching II?, which took place in a school located in a neighboring town of the county and simultaneously of the Viana do Castelo district. It is a report directed to the subject History and Geography of Portugal, once its topic is related to the revolution of 25th April of 1974, being hence chosen the chapter: ?A contribution to the teaching of the History of Portugal in the second cycle ? from Dictatorship to Democracy?. Thus, this report has always had as its goal to assess what the revolution of April means, in our days, in this particular case for the students of the 6th form. The pertinence of this study lies in the fact that there are spent almost four decades (38 years, when the questionnaires were made in the classes) of the ?Carnation Revolution?, such a revolution that, besides establishing a democracy, freed Portugal for the outside world making thus possible a considerable development, as well as the entering in the European Union in 1986. Nearly four decades after it is important to know what they think and (mainly) know about this major event of the History of our country. A big part of this report is centered in the analysis of the data belonging to the different areas(information about family life, study habits of students and historic knowledge) of the questionnaire given to the students. Meanwhile, there are also referred in this final report the didactic part of this topic (?25th of April of 1974?), and the analysis of two school books relating to the same subject. So that this work could be more complete and rich on the didactic and historic level, I interviewed one of the symbols of the revolution, the Colonel Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho. This interview adds a firsthand personal witness of someone who, besides living the revolution very closely, coordinated and commanded many of the operations that made the revolution a success. It is necessary to add that, at the time of the application of the questionnaire, the students of both classes had just had contact with the referred programmatic contents and they had celebrated a few days before o the commemorations of the 38th anniversary of the revolution of the 25th of April of 1974