Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Heksan, Kloroform, dan Etanol Rumput Gandum (Triticum aestivum) Terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara T47D

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that has high incidence and mortality. Cancer therapies that exist today cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and alopecia. It encourages researchers to utilize natural sources as a treatment to minimize these side effects. Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum) is one of the natural ingredients that has been studied to have cytotoxic activity against some cancer cells, such as MCF-7 breast cancer cells, HL60 leukemia cells and HeLa cervix cancer cells. This study aimed to find out the IC50 value of hexane, chloroform and ethanol wheatgrass extracts against T47D breast cancer cells, and identify the class of compounds contained in hexane, chloroform and ethanol wheatgrass extract. The extraction was done by maceration method using hexane, chloroform and 96% ethanol. The cytotoxic test performed by MTT assay method and the concentrasions of extracts was 1.000, 500, 250, 125, dan 62,5 µg/mL. The classes of compounds in the extract were analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method and by using spray reagent. The results showed that the hexane, chloroform and ethanol wheatgrass extracts had IC50 values of >1,000 μg/mL; 416,87 μg/mL and >1,000 μg/mL respectively and the IC50 of doxorubicin is 85,11 μg/mL. TLC results show that hexane, chloroform, and ethanol wheatgrass extracts contains the same secondary metabolite substances that are alkaloid, terpenoid, steroid, phenolic and tannin. Keywords: Triticum aestivum, cytotoxic, MTT assay, T47D cells