Common foot and ankle disorders in adults and children

The human foot is a complex structure, which includes bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, soft tissues, nerves and veins. It supports the weight of the whole body and helps one to walk, run, and jump. Ankle and foot biomechanical functions that are interrupted by various pathological deformities lead to pain or other deformities, and result in difficulties during mobility. Foot problems are very common in children and adults. In this article, attempts are made to explore the clinical aspects of the most common foot and ankle deformities and their management by children and adults. Foot deformities may be congenital or acquired, and may involve arthritis conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. In children, congenital clubfoot, cavus, and flat feet are the most common disorders and can be treated by non-operative means or surgical management. Hallux valgus and rigidus, lesser toe deformities, and arthritis are mostly present with or without pain in the adult population.Institute of Textiles and Clothin