Relationship between personal psychological capitals, stress level, and performance in marathon runners

Background: Marathon runners experience different levels of stress from their performance, which may vary across different people. Objectives: This study sought to examine if stress levels could be predicted by running performance and personal psychological capitals, including optimism and self-efficacy levels in marathon finishers. It also determined the contribution of each component in a stress prediction model. Methods: An online questionnaire and comprised validated scales were used to measure runners' performance, perceived stress levels, and personal psychological capitals. Results: A positive correlation between runner performance and perceived stress level (r<inf>s</inf>=0.256, p=0.019) was found, while the personal psychological capitals were negatively correlated to stress levels (rs=-0.580, p<0.001) and (rs=-0.618, p