Preparation and characterization of titanium based PbO2 electrodes doped with some common elements

Four kinds of PbO2 electrodes were prepared by electrochemical deposition and three of them were doped by Fe, Ni and Ag, respectively. The characters of the electrodes were analyzed by SEM, XRD, accelerated life tests, and linear scanning voltammetry. The results show that the electrode surfaces are covered by quadrangular β-PbO2 crystals. The average grain sizes of the undoped PbO2 electrode and Ni-doped PbO2 electrode are similar and smaller than that of the Fe-doped PbO2 and Ag-doped PbO2 electrodes. The Fe-doped PbO2 electrode has the longest accelerated test life due to its dense surface. The LSV tests show that the Ni-doped PbO2 electrode possesses the highest oxygen evolution potential. From the phenol electrolysis, the Ni-doped PbO2 electrode demonstrated the best performance in COD removal efficiency, average current efficiency, and energy consumption.Department of Civil and Environmental Engineerin