Inventering av värmelager för kraftvärmesystem

When a combined heat and power plant produces heat and power it often faces a deficit of heat load during the summer or other periods of time. This heat is often unnecessarily cooled away or the power production has to be reduced or shut off. If it is possible to store heat from periods with low heat demand to periods with high heat demand one can get many benefits. Among these benefits are: increased power production, decreased operation with partial load, uniformly distributed load. To be able to store heat in situations like this long-term thermal heat storages are needed. In this thesis five different types of stores are presented: rock cavern storage, tank storage, pit water storage, borehole storage and aquifer storage. In this thesis the principles of the different storages is presented and experiences from operation in Sweden, Germany and Denmark are also presented. The thesis contains a calculation of costs for the types of thermal heat storages that are suitable for use in a combined heat and power plant. To be able to function in a combined heat and power plant, a long-term thermal heat storage must be able to handle a high charge and discharge output. Storages that can meet these demands use water as store medium. The conclusion is: Pit storages are interesting if the capacity is below 20 000 m^3. For capacities between 20 000 to 50 000 m^3, tank storages are most suitable. Rock cavern storages are interesting if the capacity is larger than 100 000 m^3. For capacities between 50 000 to 100 000 m^3, either rock cavern storages or connected tank storages are appropriate