A possible quantum basis of panpsychism

In this paper, we will present a new argument based on revised quantum dynamics ( Ghiradi et al, 1986; Pearle, 1989; Diosi, 1989; Ghiradi et al, 1990; Penrose, 1996; Gao, 1999a, 1999b; Gao, 2000 ), which is generally taken as the promising complete version of present quantum theory ( Penrose, 1989; 1994 ), and has been used to construct a consciousness theory ( Hameroff et al, 1996a; 1996b ). It is shown that consciousness may help to distinguish the nonorthogonal single states in the framework of revised quantum dynamics, while the usual physical measuring device can't ( Gao, 1999c; Gao, 2000 ). We further analyze the possible inferences of this unusual conclusion, and demonstrate that it strongly implies that the physical world is not causally closed without consciousness. The fact that consciousness violates the basic physical principle also reveals that consciousness is a fundamental property of matter, and a complete theory of matter must involve consciousness. We conclude that the above argument provides a possible quantum basis for panpsychism