Water movements in Lake Takanamiike, Niigata Prefecture, Japan

A series of limnological experiments were carried out in Lake Takanamiike, a typical seepage lake, in order to clarify the mechanism of lake water movements, and the effects of wind shear stress and surface cooling on the movements were discussed. As results of a comparison between wind shear stress and surface cooling by the use of the velocity scale, the effect of surface cooling was larger than that of wind shear stress. The value of a coefficient of c_k^f, an indicator of the intensity of surface cooling on the vertical movements, was calculated at 0.37 to 0.42, and the figures were larger than those obtained in the previous studies. It is considered that the value changes with the lake scale and the strength of surface cooling