Structural, optical and magnetic properties of Cr doped ZnO\ud microrods prepared by spray pyrolysis

A series of Cr-doped ZnO micro-rod arrays were fabricated by a spray pyrolysis method. X-ray diffraction patterns\ud of the samples showed that the undoped and Cr-doped ZnO microrods exhibit hexagonal crystal structure. Surface\ud morphology analysis of the samples has revealed that pure ZnO sample has a hexagonal microrod morphology. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies, the Cr 2p3/2 binding energy is found to be 577.34 eV indicating that the electron binding energy of the Cr in ZnO is almost the same as the binding energy of Cr3+ states in Cr2O3. The optical band gap Eg decreases slightly from 3.26 to 3.15 eV with the increase of actual Cr content from x = 0.00 to 4.63 at % in ZnO. Photoluminescence studies at 10 K show that the incorporation of chromium leads to a relative increase of deep level band intensity. It was also observed that Cr doped samples clearly showed ferromagnetic behavior; however, 2.49 % Cr doped ZnO showed remnant magnetization higher than that of 1.07 % and 4.63 % Cr doped samples, while 4.63 % Cr doped ZnO samples had a coercive field higher than the other dopings