Value creating ecologies : understanding next generation business systems

Purpose: This paper sets out to describe and illustrate an emerging shift in the conceptualisation of value creation in business, namely the emergence of value ecology thinking.-----\ud \ud Design/methodology/approach: This paper examines shifts in the understanding of value creation in key business, economic and innovation literature and focuses on developments in creative industries at the forefront of technology and innovation – film, TV, computer games, e-business, mobile phones – to illustrate how business increasingly creates value through ecologies.-----\ud \ud Findings: This paper identifies five important shifts in the conceptualization of value creation by highlighting a growing prevalence in the literature of several ecological metaphors used to explain business processes, namely: the shift from thinking about consumers to co-creators of value; the shift from thinking about value chains to value networks; the shift from thinking about product value to network value; the shift from thinking about simple co-operation or competition to complex co-opetition; and the shift from thinking about individual firm strategy to strategy in relation to value ecologies.-----\ud \ud Originality/value: This paper synthesizes emerging trends in the literature in relation to value creation and defines the concept of a value-creating ecology. In the process it sheds light on the structure of next generation business systems