Equitation science: the application of science in equitation

Equine ethology, management, learning theory, skill, and talent combine to influence numerous outcomes in horse-rider interactions. The welfare of ridden horses merits scientific scrutiny because horses are largely trained using negative reinforcement and are required to respond to pressure-based signals rather than work for positive rewards. In the lay equestrian literature, the use of light aids (signals or cues) and the minimal use of punishment are highly regarded. However, as illustrated in work presented at the first International Equitation Science Symposium (2005), dressage judges struggle to identify light rein tensions (de Cartier d’Yves & Ödberg, 2005)