An analysis of proctoscopy vs computed tomography scanning in the diagnosis of rectal injuries in children: which is better?

Abstract Background Current dogma suggests that the diagnosis of rectal injury can be made after physical examination and proctoscopy (PR). However, anecdotal evidence suggests that these modalities lack specificity when applied to children and that computed tomography (CT) scanning may be superior. A direct comparison between CT scanning and PR has not been performed. We therefore sought to compare CT with PR in the diagnosis of rectal injury by analyzing our large institutional experience. Methods To assess institutional outcome, the charts of all children younger than 18 years admitted to our level I trauma center (1999-2004) were prospectively collected and retrospectively assessed. Demographics, diagnostic accuracy (PR vs CT), and outcome (length of stay, days in the intensive care unit [ICU], Injury Severity Score, and missed injury) were assessed. Results There were 24 injuries (63% boys, 71% blunt, 100% survival), and diagnostic modality included the following: PR, 37.5%; CT, 37.5%; laparotomy alone, 8%. Length of stay (PR 5.7 \ub1 6.2 vs CT 13.7 \ub1 22.2, NS) were similar between groups. Of the missed rectal injuries, 66% of patients undergoing PR had missed injuries that were ultimately detected by CT whereas 33% of the patients undergoing CT scan had a missed injury. Conclusion CT is at least as accurate as PR in diagnosing pediatric rectal injury. Consideration of early scanning as opposed to PR may improve diagnosis and outcome in these patients