Formation and Development of The Idea of Labour School in the History of Pedagogic

У статті показано зародження та розвиток ідеї трудової школи в історії педагогіки − від виникнення до її втілення у шкільну практику. Висвітлено думки прогресивних педагогів минулого щодо організації школи, її зв’язку з життям і виробництвом. Підкреслюється, що головне призначення школи полягає в тому, щоб підготувати дітей до життя і праці: навчити їх працювати, підготувати до участі в суспільному виробництві, озброїти учнів певними практичними вміннями й навичками, необхідними в побуті чи виробництві. Робиться висновок про те, що праця у трудовій школі виступає не тільки як засіб підготовки до праці, набуття професійних знань та вмінь, а, переважно, як засіб морального, фізичного, розумового виховання особистості школяра.Formation of the idea of labour school in the history of Pedagogic is shown in the article. It is mentioned that for the first time this idea was substantiated by T. More and T. Campanella. Opinions of the progressive teachers of the past about organization of the school which combines education and child’s labour are analyzed. There were a lot of theses about the expediency of introducing of labour into educational process in order to develop schoolchildren more completely in the works of Y. A. Komenski, J. Lokk, J.-J. Russo, I. H. Pestalozzy, F. Frebel, R. Owen. In the ХІХth century this idea was practised on a large scale in the connection with rapid growth of industry and productive forces in agriculture. In the middle of the XIXth century in the West Europe and in the second half of the XIXth century in Ukraine the movement for introducing labour as a school subject into the educational process in general schools started. The theorists of labour school of the end of the XIXth − the beginning of the XXth centuries grounded the idea that the labour school had to combine intellectual work with manual labour and to join science and life, theory and practice. It is mentioned that in the beginning of the XXth century the concept of labour school was formed within the reformatory pedagogic. The idea of labour school came to Ukraine from the West. In the beginning of the XXth century the articles about the labour schools in the West were published in the Ukrainian magazines «Svitlo» and «Vilna Ukrains’ka shkola» (Free Ukrainian School). Labour (active) principle formed the basis of the creation of the general labour school in the Ukrainian People’s Republic (1917−1918). It is underlined that the main task of the school is preparation of children to the life and work that means teaching to work, preparation to participation in the public works, equipping pupils with practical skills which are necessary in the everyday life or in public works. Conclusion that labour in the labour school is not only the means of preparation to work and knowledge acquisition but first of all the means of moral, physical and intellectual education of schoolchildren is made. It is proved that the basis of the school education must be the combination of studies and children’s labour. Labour principle means pupils’ self-activity, independent study and experimentation on objects. The aim of the labour school is just to develop all person’s skills (intellectual, technical, physical, mental, aesthetic and moral) harmoniously in labour