Сommunicative Activity of a Future Expert: Essence, Features

У статті розкрито сутність, структуру й характерні особливості комунікативної діяльності за допомогою методів аналізу, синтезу та узагальнення наукової літератури. Сформульовано визначення комунікативної діяльності, виокремлено її структурні компоненти, до яких віднесено: предмет спілкування, потребу, комунікативні мотиви, дії спілкування, його задачі, засоби та продукт спілкування. Увагу зосереджено на тому, що спілкування як уміння є складним системно-інтегративним явищем. Уміння спілкуватися поділені на: мовленнєві, соціально-психологічні, психологічні та інші. Зазначено, що в процесі комунікативної діяльності важливу роль відіграє творчість особистості, а також використання невербальних засобів спілкування.The article reveals the essence, structure and characteristics of communicative activity of the personality by using the methods of the analysis, synthesis, generalization of scientific literature and ranking method. Definitions of communicative activity (communication) are the activity forms between people like equal partners. Process of communicative activity can be at the same way: 1) process of relationship of people; 2) informative process; 3) attitude of people to each other; 4) process of mutual influence of people to each other; 5) process of mutual understanding and experiences. Structural components of communicative activity include: 1) communication subject (the partner in communication as the subject of communication); 2) necessity of communication (aspiration of the person to cognize and assessment of other people); 3) communicative motives (something for which there is a communication); 4) communication actions (units of communicative activity, the complete act which is addressed to another person); 5) problems of communication (the purpose to which communicative actions are directed), 6) ways of communication (operations which provide communication process); 7) communication product (formation of the material and spiritual product). It is specified that dialogue is the unit of a communicative activity. Communicative activity consists of the statement and hearing. The attention is focused on the fact that communication as ability is the difficult system and integrative phenomenon. Communication is a system of various abilities. Abilities to communicate are conditionally divided into groups: 1) language abilities (mastering language activity and language means of communication); 2) social and psychological abilities (mastering processes of an interconnection, mutual understanding, and mutual influence); 3) psychological abilities (mastering processes of self-control and self-mobilization); 4) abilities to use norms of language etiquette; 5) abilities to use norms of nonverbal communication. It is noticed that in a communicative activity creativity of the personality and human use of non-verbal communication plays an important role. An example of creating trust of subconscious is adjusted to a pose and breath. At the end of the article, conclusions are drawn; it outlines the prospects for further scientific researches on the problem